U.S. retail sales dropped more than expected in May, weighed down by a decline in motor vehicle purchases as a rush to beat potential tariffs-related price hikes ebbed, but consumer spending remained supported by solid wage growth.

Retail sales fell 0.9 per cent last month after a downwardly revised 0.1 per cent dip in April, the U.S. Commerce Department said on Tuesday.

Economists polled by Reuters had forecast retail sales, which are mostly goods and are not adjusted for inflation, decreasing 0.7 per cent after a previously reported 0.1 per cent gain in April.

Estimates ranged from a 1.7 per cent drop to a 0.3 per cent increase. Sales last month were also held down by lower receipts at service stations because of a decline in gasoline prices.

Home sales rose in May for the first time since November

U.S. President Donald Trump’s sweeping tariffs have raised fears over global growth, restraining oil prices. But hostilities between Israel and Iran have boosted oil prices. Unseasonably cooler weather likely also hurt sales.

Federal Reserve officials prepared to start a two-day policy meeting on Tuesday. The U.S. central bank was expected to keep its benchmark overnight interest rate unchanged in the 4.25 per cent to 4.50 per cent range while policy makers monitor the economic impact of tariffs and tensions in the Middle East.

A 25 per cent duty on imported motor vehicles and trucks came into effect in April.

Retail sales excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services increased 0.4 per cent in May after an upwardly revised 0.1 per cent fall in April. These so-called core retail sales, which correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product, were previously reported to have dropped 0.2 per cent in April.

Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of the economy, slowed sharply in the first quarter, and could remain moderate in the April-June quarter.

The Atlanta Fed is currently forecasting GDP rebounding at a 3.8 per cent annualized rate in the second quarter. The anticipated surge will largely reflect a reversal in imports, which have fallen sharply as the frontloading of goods fizzled. The economy contracted at a 0.2 per cent pace in the January-March quarter.

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Downside risks to consumer spending are rising. The labour market is slowing, student loan repayments have resumed for millions of Americans and household wealth has been eroded amid tariff-induced stock market volatility. The uncertain economic environment could lead to precautionary saving.

“Past experience suggests the biggest price rises will come in July, though the full impact of the tariffs likely will emerge across the whole of the remainder of the year,” said Samuel Tombs, chief U.S. economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics.

“That will weigh on growth in real incomes at the same time as a softening labour market will make people cautious with discretionary spending. Meanwhile, households no longer have ’excess savings’ or strong growth in stock prices to spur them to spend.”