The conflict stems from the partition of India in 1947, leaving the princely state of Kashmir with a Hindu ruler and a Muslim majority. Its accession to India ignited the first of four Indo-Pakistani wars, shaping the ongoing dispute. The article details the role of the instrument of accession and the UN resolution 47 (1948) regarding a plebiscite that never occurred.
The article discusses the continuing conflict's nature, involving four wars and Pakistan's utilization of asymmetric warfare strategies, including support for insurgent groups. Significant attacks like the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the 2008 Mumbai attacks are mentioned. India's revocation of Article 370 in 2019 and its impact are also highlighted.
Recent attacks in Pahalgam, described as India's jugular vein by Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff, have escalated tensions. The article emphasizes the conflicting narratives—India's focus on sovereignty and Pakistan's need to internationalize the issue—highlighting the challenges to peaceful resolution.
The article mentions key groups like Lashkar-e Taiba and Jaish-e Mohammad, noting Pakistan's ambiguous role. It points to human rights violations by Indian security forces and the overall deadlock in the international arena despite the existence of ongoing diplomacy.