Spain's recent success in minimizing school dropout rates is largely attributed to two educational programs: Basic Vocational Training (FP) and Diversification Curricular Programs. Both programs initially faced resistance but have proven crucial in reducing student failure, particularly among boys. The country has achieved a record low dropout rate of 13%, compared to 22% in 2014 and 32% in 2004. The percentage of young people (20-24 years old) completing upper secondary education has also risen to 80%.
FP basic, introduced in 2015, provides a more hands-on approach to learning, making it attractive to students who prefer practical training. While initially met with criticism from the left due to concerns about segregation, its success in reducing dropout rates is undeniable. Although only 56% of students finish the program, the employment rate of FP graduates is approximately 90%, and many are employed before completing their studies.
These programs cater to students with learning difficulties, offering individualized support and adapted content. Although initially opposed by the right-wing, their effectiveness is demonstrated by increased student enrollment. The programs focus on competency-based learning, connecting classroom materials to real-life experiences.
While Spain as a whole has made significant progress, regional differences exist. Cantabria and the Basque Country have the lowest dropout rates, while foreign students consistently exhibit higher rates. There's also variation in program implementation, with Catalonia initially resisting the implementation of FP basic, but subsequently increasing enrollment.
Both FP Basic and Diversification Curricular Programs, despite initial criticism, have become key tools in reducing school failure in Spain. Their success highlights the importance of adapting educational approaches to meet the diverse needs of students.