The article explores the mechanisms for removing a president in Costa Rica. Unlike many countries with impeachment processes, Costa Rica's constitution only allows for removal due to physical or mental incapacity (Article 121, section 8). This provision, never used since the 1949 constitution, requires substantial medical and judicial backing and is considered exceptionally limited.
Costa Rica lacks a formal impeachment process. While the legislature can lift the immunity of high-ranking officials, including the president, for prosecution, there's no mechanism for direct removal for wrongdoing.
Recent media coverage has brought this constitutional provision into focus, particularly after leaked audio purportedly revealed suggestions of using the incapacity clause for political purposes against President Rodrigo Chaves. The ex-minister involved denied the legitimacy of these audios.
The article contrasts Costa Rica's situation with other countries. It cites examples of impeachment and removal proceedings in other Latin American countries like Paraguay, Brazil, and Peru, while also mentioning discussions surrounding the mental capacity of presidents in the United States and Argentina.
The article provides historical context, noting that impeachment processes were briefly included in previous Costa Rican constitutions but have not been consistently present. The most recent examples of a president not completing their term involved exile and a coup d'état.