Researchers have leveraged antibodies from a man who self-injected snake venom multiple times to develop a potential universal antivenom. This experimental antivenom shows promise against several Australian snake species, including taipans, tiger snakes, and king brown snakes, demonstrating a proof-of-concept for broader effectiveness.
Combining antibodies from the man's blood with an existing toxin inhibitor, the researchers achieved broad protection against various elapid snakes. The study, published in Cell, suggests a potential solution for all Australian elapid snakes.
Professor Bryan Fry, a venom expert, raises concerns about the limited cross-reactivity to Australian snakes, citing the non-Australian origins of the venom used for self-injection. He also highlights the ethical implications of the self-injection practice and expresses skepticism about the antivenom's complete effectiveness. He emphasizes that existing species-specific antivenoms remain crucial, especially in developing regions.
The researchers plan to test the antivenom on dogs, given their closer physiological similarity to humans compared to lab mice. While a fully universal antivenom is unlikely due to the complexity and diversity of snake venoms, the study represents a significant advancement towards broader protection.
Snake bites cause substantial mortality and disability globally, with up to 137,000 deaths annually. The development of more effective antivenoms is crucial to reduce this significant public health burden.