The history and latest developments in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia | Explained - The Hindu

History of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

The conflict stems from a century-long dispute between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but predominantly populated by ethnic Armenians. The region's status has been contested since the collapse of the Soviet Union, leading to multiple wars and ceasefires.

Key Events

• 1991-1994 War: A war between Armenia and Azerbaijan resulted in Armenian control over most of Nagorno-Karabakh.
• 2007 Madrid Principles: Proposed a peaceful resolution, but were not accepted.
• 2016 Four-Day War: Renewed fighting between the two countries.
• 2020 Six-Week War: Azerbaijan retook significant territory.
• 2022 Lachin Corridor Blockade: Azerbaijan blocked the main road linking Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, exacerbating the humanitarian situation.
• September 2023 Offensive: Azerbaijan launched an offensive, leading to the complete takeover of the region and a mass exodus of Armenians.

Azerbaijan's Recent Success

The recent Azerbaijani victory is attributed to various factors, including increased military cooperation with Turkey and Russia's distraction due to the war in Ukraine. The absence of Russian peacekeeping forces effectively left a power vacuum.

Humanitarian Crisis

The takeover has created a major humanitarian crisis, with over 100,000 ethnic Armenians fleeing to Armenia. The situation demands immediate international attention and aid.